Strength athletes can train their core muscles while doing dumbbell exercises for the muscles in their arms and shoulders. As long as they do the exercises while standing, and one arm at a time, according to a study published by Norwegian sports scientists at University College in the European Journal of Applied Physiology.
The weakest part of the physique of most strength athletes is their core: the muscles in the hips, lower back and abdomen. These stabilise your body when you move, and our sedentary lifestyle means they are not stimulated enough to develop properly. That’s why trainers have been devoting more attention to core muscles since about 2000.
A relatively new finding that trainers are now picking up on is that core muscles can be stimulated more by doing exercises on an unstable surface, like a Swiss ball. Another new discovery is that you train your core muscles better when doing exercises that require you to keep your body stable rather than exercises that require you to move the core muscles. So the plank is a better exercise than crunches.
The Norwegians built on this insight in their study. If strength athletes train the muscles in their upper body while standing, their core muscles have to work harder to stabilise their body than if they perform the exercises while sitting, the researchers reasoned. For the same reason, core muscles have to work harder if athletes train their shoulder and arm muscles one arm at a time – unilaterally rather than bilaterally.
The Norwegians tested their theory in an experiment involving 15 male students. All had been doing strength training for at least five years. The researchers got the students to perform shoulder-presses with dumbbells, in four different ways: seated and two arms together; seated and one arm at a time; standing and two arms together; standing and with one arm at a time.
The researchers attached electrodes to the students’ core muscles so that they could measure how hard the muscles were working. They discovered that for the muscles in your lower back it doesn’t make much difference how you perform the exercise, but for the rectus abdominis [the six pack muscles] and your oblique abdominal muscles it does make a difference.
The six-pack muscles worked harder when the shoulder press was performed standing; the obliques worked harder when it was performed unilaterally.
“The present study demonstrated greater neuromuscular core activation when exercises were performed standing compared to seated, and unilaterally compared to bilaterally”, the researchers write. “We suggest that standing instead of seated exercises, and unilateral instead of bilateral exercises should be considered to increase core muscles activation.”
Muscle activity of the core during bilateral, unilateral, seated and standing resistance exercise.
Saeterbakken AH, Fimland MS.
Source
Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn og Fjordane University College, PB 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway. atle.saeterbakken@hisf.no
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of performing common resistance exercises standing compared to seated and unilaterally compared to bilaterally on muscle activation of the core. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the superficial core muscles (i.e. rectus abdominis, external oblique and erector spinae) between seated, standing, bilateral and unilateral dumbbell shoulder presses. 15 healthy males performed five repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum of the exercises in randomized order. Results were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance and a Bonferroni post hoc test. The position × exercise interaction was significantly different for rectus abdominis (P = 0.016), but not for external oblique (P = 0.100) and erector spinae (P = 0.151). The following EMG results were observed: For rectus abdominis: ~49% lower in seated bilateral versus unilateral (P < 0.001), similar in standing bilateral versus unilateral (P = 0.408), ~81% lower in bilateral seated versus standing (P < 0.001), ~59% lower in unilateral seated versus standing (P < 0.001); For external oblique: ~81% lower in seated bilateral versus unilateral (P < 0.001), ~68% lower in standing bilateral than unilateral (P < 0.001), ~58% lower in bilateral seated versus standing (P < 0.001), ~28% lower in unilateral seated versus standing (P = 0.002); For erector spinae: similar in seated bilateral versus unilateral (P = 0.737), ~18% lower in standing bilateral versus unilateral (P = 0.001), similar in seated versus standing bilateral (P = 0.480) and unilateral (P = 0.690). In conclusion, to enhance neuromuscular activation of the superficial core muscles, standing exercises should be used instead of seated exercises, and unilateral exercises should be used instead of bilateral exercises. PMID: 21877146 [PubMed - in process] Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21877146
